![]() ![]() ![]() These were analysed by applying population genetic tools in order to quantify and compare their variability within and between species, and to obtain information on their demography and population structure. mellificae and Lotmaria passim isolated from honeybees and bumblebees. Here we cloned and sequenced three non-repetitive single copy loci (DNA topoisomerase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase II large subunit, RPB1) to produce new genetic data from Crithidia bombi, C. Trypanosomatids are among the most prevalent parasites in bees but, despite the fact that their impact on the colonies can be quite important and that their infectivity may potentially depend on their genotypes, little is known about the population diversity of these pathogens. ![]() This study is the first to provide a large-scale insight into the health status of endemic bumblebees in Mexico, based on a large sample size (n = 3,285 bees examinated) over a variety of host species and habitats. expoeki was encountered concentrated on the flanks of the dormant volcanic mountain, Iztaccihuatl, and microsatellite data showed evidence of a bottleneck in this population. We suggest the name Crithidia mexicana for this newly discovered organism. It is placed by Bayesian inference as a sister species to C. Based on sequence divergence of the Cytochrome b and Glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate deshydrogenase (gGPDAH) genes, we discovered the presence of a new Crithidia species, which is mainly distributed in the southern half of the country. We here report the geographical distribution of Crithidia and Nosema, two common parasites of bumblebees, in a yet poorly investigated country: Mexico. Knowledge about parasites in wild bumblebee populations is thus of paramount importance for conservation purposes. ![]() These precious pollinators are known to be declining worldwide, and one major factor contributing to this decline are infections by parasites. Bumblebees are highly valued for their pollination services in natural ecosystems as well as for agricultural crops. ![]()
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